Ceruloplasmin is an acute phase protein and a transport protein. The blue-colored glycoprotein belongs to the α2-globulin electrophoretic fraction and contains eight copper atoms per molecule.
The incorporation of copper into the structure occurs during the synthesis of ceruloplasmin in hepatocytes. After secretion from the liver, ceruloplasmin migrates to copper-requiring tissue where the copper is liberated. In addition to transporting copper, ceruloplasmin has a catalytic function in the oxidation of iron.
Decreased concentrations occur during recessive autosomal hepatalenticular degeneration (Wilson’s disease). On a pathochemical level, the disease, which is accompanied by lowered ceruloplasmin synthesis, occurs as a consequence of the missing copper incorporation. This results in pathological deposits of copper in the liver (with accompanying cirrhosis), neurological and renal symptoms.
As ceruloplasmin is a sensitive reactant of the acute phase, increases arise during acute and chronic inflammatory processes. Dramatic increases can lead to a blue-green coloration of the serum.
Methods for the determination of ceruloplasmin include immunodiffusion, immuno-nephelometry and turbidimetry.